Languages of Botswana
Botswana’s linguistic tapestry weaves together over 20 languages, reflecting its ethnic diversity. Setswana and English unite the nation, while indigenous tongues like Sekalanga and !Xóõ carry ancient stories. From kgotla debates to fireside tales, language shapes identity and community, preserved through vibrant oral traditions.
Discover Botswana’s Voices
Official Languages
Setswana
Spoken by over 80% of Batswana, Setswana is the national language, used in kgotla meetings, schools, and media like Radio Botswana. Phrases like “Dumela” (hello) unify communities.
English
As the official language, English dominates government, law, and higher education. It bridges Botswana globally, appearing in newspapers like Mmegi and urban signage.
Indigenous Languages
Sekalanga
Spoken by the Kalanga in the northeast, Sekalanga thrives in Francistown. Its tonal richness carries oral histories, used in rituals like Njelele spirit ceremonies.
Khoe (Basarwa)
Khoe languages, like !Xóõ and Naro, are spoken by San communities. Known for click consonants, they encode ecological knowledge, vital to Ghanzi’s cultural heritage.
Otjiherero
The Herero in western Botswana speak Otjiherero, tied to pastoral traditions. It’s used in storytelling and songs, preserving identity in Maun and beyond.
Shiyeyi
Spoken by the Wayeyi along the Okavango Delta, Shiyeyi supports riverine culture. It’s heard in fishing songs and ceremonies, centered in Seronga.
Language Preservation Efforts
Botswana promotes linguistic diversity through initiatives like the University of Botswana’s language programs, which document tongues like Sekalanga. Community radio in Ghanzi broadcasts Khoe languages, while groups like the Kamanakao Association revive Shiyeyi in schools. UNESCO-supported projects digitize oral traditions, ensuring voices like !Xóõ endure.
"Our languages are our roots—each word holds a story we must keep alive." — Kalanga Elder, 2025
Language in Culture
Proverbs
Setswana proverbs like “Motho ke motho ka batho” (a person is a person through others) teach ubuntu, guiding ethics in kgotla discussions and daily life.
Oral Traditions
Languages like Shiyeyi and Sekalanga carry myths and histories through fireside tales, blending song and poetry to pass wisdom across generations.